PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND TOXICOLOGY Effects of Temperature and Controlled Atmospheres on Codling Moth Metabolism

Although controlled atmosphere temperature treatments are effective in controlling codlingmoth,Cydia pomonella (L.), in fruit, themechanismbywhich this combination treatment kills the larvae is unknown.Differential scanning calorimetrywas used to determine the effects of elevated temperatures, lowO2, andhighCO2 on themetabolic heat rate of Þfth-instar codlingmoths. TotalATP levels also were determined.Metabolic heat rates in air increased from 0 to 30 C and decreased above 30 C.Heat ratesmeasured isothermally at 23 Cunder decreasedO2 or increasedCO2were lower than those in air with the lowest in 1 kPa O2 and 1 kPa O2 15 kPa CO2. Continuous temperature scans from 23 to 44.5 C under lowO2 and high CO2 atmospheres produced lower metabolic heat rates than scans under air. LowO2 atmospheres produced the lowest ATP levels, and high concentrations ofCO2 produced the highest ATP levels. These results indicate that heat treatments under controlled atmospheres have a dramatic effect on codling mothmetabolism, lowO2 prevents ATP synthesis, and high CO2 prevents use of ATP.